Comparison of the prognostic value of lymph node yield, lymph node ratio, and number of lymph node metastases in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of lymph node yield (LNY), lymph node ratio (LNR), and the number of lymph node metastases (LNMs) in patients affected by oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: The study included patients who underwent surgical treatment for primary OSCC. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to determine the optimal threshold values. Kaplan-Meier curves were employed, along with the log-rank test, for the analysis of survival. To compare the performance in terms of model fit, we computed Akaike's information criterion (AIC). RESULTS: This study enrolled 429 patients. Prognostic thresholds were determined at 22 for LNY, 6.6% for LNR, and 3 for the number of LNMs. The log-rank test revealed a significant improvement in both overall survival and progression-free survival for patients with a LNR of ≤6.6% or a number of LNMs of ≤3 (p < 0.05). Interestingly, LNY did not demonstrate prognostic significance. The AIC analyses indicated that the number of LNMs is a superior prognostic indicator compared to LNY and LNR. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating LNR or the number of LNMs into the TNM classification has the potential to improve the prognostic value, as in other types of cancers. Particularly, the inclusion of the number of LNMs should be contemplated for future N staging.

Prognostic value of lymph node ratio in patients with non-metastatic cervical cancer treated with radical hysterectomy: A population-based study.

BACKGROUND: The lymph node ratio (LNR) is an emerging prognostic biomarker in multiple malignancies. This study aimed to explore the prognostic role of LNR in patients with non-metastatic cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy. METHODS: Data were extracted from the SEER 17 registry. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to identify the prognostic factors associated with cancer-specific survival (CSS). A nomogram was constructed to predict the 5-year and 10-year CSS. Survival analyses stratified by the status of LNR and different adjuvant treatments were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: A total of 8128 female patients with non-metastatic cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy and regional node examination (≥8) were enrolled. Of these, 1269 (15.6%) were confirmed as lymph node-positive. Cox regression analyses showed that age, race, tumor size, tumor grade, histology, and LNR were significant factors affecting CSS. A nomogram was developed for predicting the 5-year and 10-year CSS, which showed good discrimination and calibration. Patients without lymph node involvement had inferior CSS with adjuvant treatments compared to those who did not receive further treatment. In patients with LNR ≤10%, only those receiving adjuvant radiotherapy had a trend of better CSS. In patients with an LNR between 10% and 30% and more than 30%, concurrent radiochemotherapy (CCRT) proved to be the best treatment. CONCLUSIONS: LNR is an independent prognostic factor in patients with non-metastatic cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy. For patients with negative lymph nodes, no further treatment is recommended. Patients with positive lymph nodes could benefit more from CCRT.

Lymph node ratio is a more robust predictor of overall survival than N stage in stage III colorectal adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Lymph node ratio (LNR) may offer superior prognostic stratification in colorectal adenocarcinoma compared with N stage. However, candidate cutoff ratios require validation. We aimed to study the prognostic significance of LNR and its optimal cutoff ratio. METHODS: We reviewed the pathology records of all patients with stage III colorectal adenocarcinoma who were managed at the King Hussein Cancer Center between January 2014 and December 2019. We then studied the clinical characteristics of the patients, correlates of lymph node count, prognostic significance of positive lymph nodes, and value of sampling additional lymph nodes. RESULTS: Among 226 included patients, 94.2% had ≥ 12 lymph nodes sampled, while 5.8% had < 12 sampled lymph nodes. The median number of lymph nodes sampled varied according to tumor site, neoadjuvant therapy, and the grossing pathologist's level of training. According to the TNM system, 142 cases were N1 (62.8%) and 84 were N2 (37.2%). Survival distributions differed according to LNR at 10% (p = 0.022), and 16% (p < 0.001), but not the N stage (p = 0.065). Adjusted Cox-regression analyses demonstrated that both N stage and LNR at 10% and 16% predicted overall survival (p = 0.044, p = 0.010, and p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: LNR is a robust predictor of overall survival in patients with stage III colorectal adenocarcinoma. At a cutoff ratio of 0.10 and 0.16, LNR offers better prognostic stratification in comparison with N stage and is less susceptible to variation introduced by the number of lymph nodes sampled, which is influenced both by clinical variables and grossing technique.

Lymph node ratio is a prognostic indicator for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy.

The lymph node ratio (LNR) is regarded as a prognostic indicator in esophageal cancer (EC), but its applicability to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NICT) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unexplored. This retrospective study, conducted between 2019 and 2021, analyzed ESCC patients who underwent radical esophagectomy following NICT. Patients were divided into two groups based on their LNR values according to the X-tile software: Low-LNR group (LNR 0-10%) and High-LNR group (LNR 10-100%). The association between LNR and clinical outcomes in ESCC after NICT were analyzed. A total of 212 ESCC patients who underwent surgery after NICT were included in this study, among which, 169 (79.7%) and 43 (20.3%) cases were allocated to the Low- and High-LNR groups, respectively. Pathologic complete response (PCR) was observed in 28.3% (60/212) of the overall cohort. Patients in the Low-LNR group demonstrated a significantly improved 3-year overall survival (OS) (81.7% vs 55.3%; P < 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (79.9% vs 37.4%; P < 0.001). These findings were consistent among those with non-PCR (3-year DFS was 73.7% vs 37.4%; P < 0.001, and the 3-year OS was 78.9% vs 55.3%; P < 0.001, respectively). High LNR was associated with a 4.013-fold increased risk of relapse and a 7.026-fold elevated risk of death. Compared to the post-neoadjuvant therapy pathologic lymph nodes staging (ypN), LNR exhibited similar prognostic capabilities for DFS and OS. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the prognostic value of LNR in ESCC after NICT, suggesting that LNR may serve as a viable alternative to the ypN stage for prognostication in ESCC patients treated with NICT.

Lymph Node Ratio as a Predictor of Survival for Colon Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Lymph node ratio is the number of lymph nodes with evidence of metastases on pathological review compared to the total number of lymph nodes harvested during oncologic resection. Lymph node ratio is a proven predictor of long-term survival. These data have not been meta-analyzed to determine the prognosis associated with different lymph node ratio cut-offs in colon cancer. METHODS: Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL were systematically searched. Articles were included if they compared 5-year overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) between different lymph node ratios for patients undergoing oncologic resection for stages I-III colon cancer. Pairwise meta-analyses using inverse variance random effects were performed. RESULTS: From 2587 citations, nine studies with 97,631 patients (female: 51.9%, median age: 61.65 years) were included. A lymph node ratio above .1 resulted in a 49% decrease in the odds of 5-year OS (2 studies; OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.49-.53, P < .00001). A lymph node ratio above .25 resulted in a 56% decrease in the odds of 5-year OS (3 studies; OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.43-.45, P < .00001). A lymph node ratio above .5 resulted in a 65% decrease in the odds of 5-year OS (3 studies; OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.33-.37, P < .00001). CONCLUSIONS: Lymph node ratios from .1 to .5 are effective predictors of 5-year OS for colon cancer. There appears to be an inverse dose-response relationship between lymph node ratio and 5-year OS. Further study is required to determine whether there is an optimal lymph node ratio cut-off for prognostication and whether it can inform which patients may benefit from more aggressive adjuvant therapy and follow-up protocols.

Prognostic value of lymph node ratio in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: A retrospective cohort study.

A growing number of studies have found that the lymph node ratio (LNR) is an important indicator of prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Impact analysis for LNR was performed for survival in patients undergoing surgery for stage III NSCLC compared to the surveillance, epidemiology and end results databank. Clinicopathological variables, such as cancer-specific survival (CSS), were taken from the surveillance epidemiology and end result databank of stage III NSCLC patients who underwent surgery, and the LNR threshold stratification of NSCLC patients was computed by X-tile. CSS was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method with CSS-independent risk factors calculated by multivariate Cox regression analysis. In total, 7011 lung cancer patients were included. Multifactorial analysis showed that LNR and positive node category had predictive value for stage III NSCLC. In patients with stage IIIA NSCLC, Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with T1-2N2 stage had clearly superior CSS than those with T3-4N1 stage (P < .001), which conflicted with the results from the assessment of primary tumor, lymph nodes, and metastasis/N stage. The cutoff values for LNR were 0.31 and 0.59. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the CSS was substantially better in patients with LNR-low than in those with LNR-medium or LNR-high (P < .001), which was also proven by multivariate competing risk regression. Subgroup analysis suggested that the survival advantage of a lower LNR was achieved in all subgroups (sex, race, etc). In stage III NSCLC, the LNR is a valuable factor for assessing prognosis, in which a higher LNR indicates a worse prognosis.

Assessing the role of central lymph node ratio in predicting recurrence in N1a low-to-intermediate risk papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Introduction: Lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is associated with postoperative recurrence. Recently, most studies have focused on the evaluation of recurrence in patients with late-stage PTC, with limited data on those with early-stage PTC. We aimed to assess the relationship between lymph node ratio (LNR) and recurrence in low-to-intermediate-risk patients and validate its diagnostic efficiency in both structural (STR) and biochemical recurrence (BIR). Methods: Clinical data of patients with PTC diagnosed at the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University were retrospectively collected. The optimal LNR cut-off values for disease-free survival (DFS) were determined using X-tile software. Predictors were validated using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results: LNR had a higher diagnostic effectiveness than metastatic lymph nodes in patients with low-to-intermediate recurrence risk N1a PTC. The optimal LNR cutoff values for STR and BIR were 0.75 and 0.80, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that LNR≥0.75 and LNR≥0.80 were independent factors for STR and BIR, respectively. The 5-year DFS was 90.5% in the high LNR (≥0.75) and 96.8% in low LNR (<0.75) groups for STR. Regarding BIR, the 5-year DFS was 75.7% in the high LNR (≥0.80) and 86.9% in low LNR (<0.80) groups. The high and low LNR survival curves exhibited significant differences on the log-rank test. Conclusion: LNR was associated with recurrence in patients with low-to-intermediate recurrence risk N1a PTC. We recommend those with LNR≥0.75 require a comprehensive evaluation of lateral neck lymphadenopathy and consideration for lateral neck dissection and RAI treatment.

Impact of positive-to-total lymph node ratio on prognosis in stage 3 colorectal cancer. A multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer remains a health problem despite advances in diagnostic and treatment methods. This study aimed to determine the impact of positive-to-total lymph node ratio on survival in colorectal cancer. METHODS: Patients with stage 3 colorectal cancer were included. Patients age; sex; operation type (emergency or elective); tumor size, grade, and location; TNM stage; vascular and perineural invasions; numbers of lymph nodes examined and negative lymph nodes, positive-to-total lymph node ratio, and administration of postoperative chemotherapy were examined. RESULTS: Median follow-up period was 34.7 months. Most patients were in stage 3b (67.9%), and the median number of dissected lymph nodes was 15. The number of metastatic lymph nodes, positive lymph node ratio, and negativeto- positive lymph node ratio were 3, 16.7, 11, and 5, respectively. The overall survival rate was 48.6%. Mean life expectancy was 51.5 months. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed positive-to-total lymph node ratio >23.3%, age, and absence of postoperative chemotherapy as risk factors for overall survival (p<0.05). Positive-to-total lymph node ratio >23.3% was associated with poor overall survival and 3.726-fold poorer survival. DISCUSSION: Positive-to-total lymph node ratio >23.3% is a risk factor affecting overall survival in stage 3 colorectal cancer. Increased positive-to-total lymph node ratio (>23.3%) is associated with poor overall survival. KEY WORDS: Colorectal Cancer, Overall Survival, Positive Lymph Node Ratio, Stage 3 Cancer.

Lymph node ratio and hematological parameters predict relapse-free survival in patients with high grade rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms after radical resection: a multicenter prognostic study.

BACKGROUND: The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lymph node ratio (LNR) are reportedly related to prognosis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical importance of the LNR and hematological parameters in patients with high grade rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (HG-RNENs) who were undergoing radical resection. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients with HG-RNENs from 17 large-scale medical centers in China (January 1, 2010-April 30, 2022). A nomogram was constructed by using a proportional hazard model. Bootstrap method was used to draw calibration plots to validate the reproducibility of the model. Concordance index (C-Index), decision curve analysis (DCA), and time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (TD-AUC) analysis were used to compare the prognostic predictive power of the new model with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging and European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) TNM staging. RESULTS: A total of 85 patients with HG-RNENs were enrolled in this study. In the 45 patients with HG-RNENs who underwent radical resection, PNI ≤ 49.13 (HR: 3.997, 95% CI: 1.379-11.581, P = 0.011), ALP > 100.0 U/L (HR: 3.051, 95% CI: 1.011-9.205, P = 0.048), and LNR > 0.40 (HR: 6.639, 95% CI: 2.224-19.817, P = 0.0007) were independent predictors of relapse-free survival. The calibration plots suggested that the nomogram constructed based on the three aforementioned factors had good reproducibility. The novel nomogram revealed a C-index superior to AJCC TNM staging (0.782 vs 0.712) and ENETS TNM staging (0.782 vs 0.657). Also, the new model performed better compared to AJCC TNM staging and ENETS TNM staging in DCA and TD-AUC analyses. CONCLUSIONS: LNR, ALP, and PNI were independent prognostic factors in patients with HG-RNENs after radical resection, and the combined indicator had better predictive efficacy compared with AJCC TNM staging and ENETS TNM staging.

Lymph node ratio independently associated with postoperative thyroglobulin levels in papillary thyroid cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of the lymph node ratio (LNR) on postoperative thyroglobulin (Tg) levels in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective, cohort study. The association between clinicopathological variables and postoperative unstimulated Tg (uTg) levels, preablative-stimulated Tg (sTg) levels, and postablative unstimulated Tg levels was analysed. RESULTS: A total of 300 patients with PTC were identified. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that M classification (odds ratio [OR], 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.62-3.34), and postoperative thyroid-stimulating hormone levels (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01-1.02) were independently associated with postoperative uTg levels. One hundred and sixteen patients underwent radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. Multivariate analysis showed that LNR in the central neck (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.02-1.51), LNR in the lateral neck (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.09-2.77), RAI dose (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.21-1.69), and M classification (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.22-2.61) were independently associated with preablative sTg levels. Tumour size (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.01), LNR in the central neck (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08-1.51), LNR in the lateral neck (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.10-2.49), RAI dose (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.34-1.79), and M classification (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.12-2.19) were also independently associated with postablative uTg levels. CONCLUSION: LNR was independently associated with postoperative Tg levels in patients with PTC. Patients with high LNR were more likely to have incomplete biochemical responses after surgery.

Metastatic lymph node ratio as an important prognostic factor in advanced gallbladder carcinoma with at least 6 lymph nodes retrieved.

BACKGROUND: The metastatic lymph node (LN) ratio (LNR) has shown to be an important prognostic factor in various gastrointestinal malignancies. Nevertheless, the prognostic significance of LNR in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) remains to be determined. METHODS: From January 2007 to January 2018, 144 advanced GBC patients (T2-4 stages) who underwent curative surgery with at least 6 LNs retrieved were enrolled. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to identify the optimal cut-off value for LNR. The clinicopathological features stratified by LNR level were analyzed. Meanwhile, univariate and multivariate Cox regression proportional hazard models were performed to identify risk factors for overall survival (OS). RESULTS: The optimal cut-off point for LNR was 0.28 according to the ROC curve. LNR>0.28 was associated with higher rate of D2 LN dissection (P=0.004) and higher tumor stages (P<0.001). Extent of liver resection, extrahepatic bile duct resection, tumor stage, LNR, margin status, tumor differentiation, and perineural invasion were associated with OS in univariate analysis (all P<0.05). GBC patients with LNR≤0.28 had a significantly longer median OS compared to those with LNR>0.28 (27.5 vs 18 months, P=0.004). Multivariate analysis indicated that tumor stage (T2 vs T3/T4; hazard ratio (HR) 1.596; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.195-2.132), LNR (≤0.28 vs >0.28; HR 0.666; 95% CI 0.463-0.958), margin status (R0 vs R1; HR 1.828; 95% CI 1.148-2.910), and tumor differentiation (poorly vs well/moderately; HR 0.670; 95% CI 0.589-0.892) were independent prognostic factors for GBC (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: LNR is correlated to advanced GBC prognosis and is a potential prognostic factor for advanced GBC with at least 6 LNs retrieved.

The impact of lymph node ratio on disease recurrence in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

INTRODUCTION: Lymph node (LN) metastases in papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (microPTCs) are common. The lymph node ratio (LNR) has been proposed as a risk factor for recurrence in papillary thyroid cancer. However, its relevance in microPTC is undetermined. METHODS: Patients who underwent resection of their microPTC with concomitant LN clearance between 2005 and 2018 were identified. The LNR was calculated as the ratio of positive LNs to the total number of LNs. RESULTS: Data on 50 patients (36 female [72%]; median age 47 years [range: 19-84]) who underwent LN clearance (28 central [56%] vs 22 central + lateral [44%]) were analysed. Positive LNs were found in over two-thirds of the patients (n = 34; 68%). After a median follow-up of 61 months, 14 patients (28%) had developed recurrence. Positive LNs were not found to impact recurrence-free survival; extranodal extension and an LNR ≥ 0.26 were found to significantly increase the risk of recurrence on unadjusted analyses (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: LN metastases are frequent among patients with microPTC. A higher LNR seems to be associated with recurrence. Additional studies are needed to further clarify these findings and to assess the possible role of LNR in treatment and surveillance.

Lymph node ratio as a tool to stratify patients with N1b papillary thyroid cancer.

BACKGROUND: The prognostic significance of lymph node ratio (LNR) in N1b papillary thyroid cancer is unclear. Therefore, the impact of LNR on disease-specific mortality (DSM) and overall survival (OS) in patients with N1b papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) needs to be defined. METHODS: We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of patients who had undergone thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection. Factors associated with DSM and OS were analyzed and identified using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk models. X-tile software was used to find the best cutoff value of LNR. Kaplan-Meier estimates for DSM were plotted for LNR and were compared with the log-rank test. The ROC curve evaluated the validity of the model. RESULTS: A total of 3223 patients with N1b PTC were identified in the SEER database between 1975 and 2019. The best cutoff value for LNR was 0.6. The multivariate Cox proportional risk model showed that age, race, T3/T4 classification, distant metastasis, extent of surgery, number of metastatic lymph nodes, and LNR > 0.6 were independent risk factors for DSM (all p < 0.05). Age, sex, T4 classification, distant metastasis, extent of surgery, and LNR > 0.6 were independent risk factors for OS (all p < 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier method plotted a cumulative risk curve and showed that patients with LNR > 0.6 had a significantly higher risk of DSM than patients with LNR ≤ 0.6 (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: LNR was a powerful predictor of DSM and OS in N1b PTC patients. LNR could be a useful tool for the stratification of PTC patients with lateral neck metastases.

The Prognostic Utility of the Metastatic Lymph Node Ratio and the Number of Regional Lymph Nodes Removed from Patients with Small Bowel Adenocarcinomas.

Background and Objectives: Small bowel adenocarcinomas (SBAs) are rare tumors of the gastrointestinal system. Lymph node metastasis in patients with curatively resected SBAs is associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we determined the prognostic utility of the number of removed lymph nodes and the metastatic lymph node ratio (the N ratio). Materials and Methods: The data of 97 patients who underwent curative SBA resection in nine hospitals of Turkey were retrospectively evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses of potentially prognostic factors including the N ratio and the numbers of regional lymph nodes removed were evaluated. Results: Univariate analysis showed that perineural and vascular invasion, metastatic lymph nodes, advanced TNM stage, and a high N ratio were significant predictors of poor survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that the N ratio was a significant independent predictor of disease-specific survival (DSS). The group with the lowest N ratio exhibited the longest disease-free survival (DFS) and DSS; these decreased significantly as the N ratio increased (both, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in either DFS or DSS between groups with low and high numbers of dissected lymph nodes (i.e., <13 and ≥13) (both, p = 0.075). Conclusions: We found that the N ratio was independently prognostic of DSS in patients with radically resected SBAs. The N ratio is a convenient and accurate measure of the severity of lymph node metastasis.

Prognostic significance of metastatic lymph node ratio in gastric cancer: a Western-center analysis.

BACKGROUND: Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging is the central gastric cancer (GC) staging system, but it has some disadvantages. However, the lymph node ratio (LNR) can be used regardless of the type of lymphadenectomy and is considered an important prognostic factor. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between LNR and survival in patients who underwent curative GC surgery. METHODS: All patients who underwent radical gastric surgery between January 2014 and June 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. Clinicopathological features of tumors, TNM stage, and survival rates were analyzed. LNR was defined as the ratio between metastatic lymph nodes and total lymph nodes removed. The LNR groups were classified as follows: LNR0 = 0, 0.01 < LNR1 ≤ 0.1, 0.1 < LNR2 ≤ 0.25 and LNR3 > 0.25. Tumor characteristics and overall survival (OS) of the patients were compared between LNR groups. RESULTS: After exclusion, 333 patients were analyzed. The mean age was 62 ± 14 years. According to the LNR classification, no difference was found between groups regarding age and sex. However, TNM stage III disease was significantly more common in LNR3 patients. Most patients (43.2%, n = 144) were in the LNR3 group. In terms of tumor characteristics (lymphatic, vascular, and perineural invasion), the LNR3 group had significantly poorer prognostic factors. The Cox regression model defined LNR3, TNM stage II-III disease, and advanced age as independent risk factors for survival. Patients with LNR3 demonstrated the lowest 5-year OS rate (35.7%) (estimated mean survival was 30 ± 1.9 months) compared to LNR 0-1-2. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that a high LNR was significantly associated with poor OS in patients who underwent curative gastrectomy. LNR can be used as an independent prognostic predictor in GC patients.

Impact of lymph node ratio and number of lymph node metastases on survival and recurrence in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to assess the impact of lymph node ratio (LNR) and number of positive lymph nodes (NPLN) on mortality and recurrence rates in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective multicenter international study involving 24 Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery divisions. Disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated as the main outcomes. The curves for DSS and DFS according to NPLN and LNR were analyzed to identify significant variations and establish specific cut-off values. RESULTS: 2507 patients met the inclusion criteria. DSS and DFS were significantly different in the groups of patients stratified according to LNR and NPLN. The 5-year DSS and DFS based on LNR and NPLN demonstrated an improved ability to stratify patients when compared to pN staging. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate the potential prognostic value of NPLN and LNR in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

A new lymph node ratio-based staging system for rectosigmoid cancer: a retrospective study with external validation.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the clinical value of a new American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging prediction model based on lymph node ratio (LNR) in rectosigmoid cancer (RSC). METHODS: The analysis included 1444 patients with nonmetastatic RSC diagnosed pathologically between 2010 and 2016 who were collected from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Results database. The AJCC N-stage was redefined according to the LNR cutoff point, and the ability of the new staging system to predict prognosis was compared with that of the AJCC TNM staging system. Data from 739 patients from our hospital were used for external validation. RESULTS: According to the number of examined lymph nodes and LNR, the N stage was divided into five groups (LNR0-5). The 5-year OS of patients divided according to the new T lymph node ratio M (TLNRM) staging into stage I (T1LNR1, T1LNR2), IIA (T1LNR3, T2LNR1, T2LNR2, T2LNR3, T1LNR4, T3LNR1), IIB (T2LNR4), IIC (T3LNR2, T4a LNR1, T1LNR5), IIIA (T3LNR3, T2LNR5, T4b LNR1, T4a LNR2, T3LNR4), IIIB (T3LNR5, T4a LNR3, T4a LNR4, T4b LNR2), and IIIC (T4b LNR3, T4a LNR5, T4b LNR4, T4b LNR5) was significantly different ( P <0.05). Decision curve analysis showed that the net income of the new TLNRM staging system for different decision thresholds was higher than the prediction line of the traditional eighth TNM staging system. The smaller Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information suggested that the new staging system had a higher sensitivity for predicting prognosis than the traditional staging system. TLNRM II and III patients benefited from adjuvant chemotherapy, while adjuvant chemotherapy did not improve the prognosis of TNM II patients. These findings were confirmed by the external validation data. CONCLUSION: The new TLNRM staging system was superior to the eighth edition AJCC staging system for staging and predicting the prognosis of patients with RSC and may become an effective tool in clinical practice.

Positive lymph node ratio as a prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients: Is it going to supersede positive lymph node number in guidelines?

Gastric malignancies constitute the sixth most common cancer with regards to incidence and have the fifth most mortality rates. Extended lymph-node dissection is the surgical modality of choice while treating advanced stage gastric cancer. It is yet a topic of debate, whether or not the amount of positive lymph nodes after a pathological examination following the surgical intervention is of prognostic value. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of positive lymph nodes following the surgery. A total of 193 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy between January 2011 and December 2015 have been considered for a retrospective data collection. The cases with R1-R2 resections, palliative or emergent surgeries are excluded. Metastatic to total number of lymph nodes, corresponded a ratio which was analyzed in this survey and practiced as a predictive parameter of disease outcome. This survey includes 138 male (71.5%) and 55 female (28.5%) patients treated between 2011 and 2015 in our clinic. The survey follow-up duration of the cases range between 0, 2, and 72 months, corresponding an average of 23.24 ± 16.99 months. We calculated cutoff value of 0.09 with, sensitivity is 76.32% for positive to total number of lymph nodes ratio, whereas specivity applies for 64.10%, positive predictive value for 58% and negative predictive value for 80.6%. Positive lymph node ratio has a prognostic value in terms of predicting the prognosis of the patients with gastric adenocarcinoma following a curative gastrectomy. This might in long term contribute to the prognostic analysis of patients if integrated in the current staging system.

Lymph node ratio as a survival predictor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with multiple adverse pathological features.

BACKGROUND: The study investigates the prognostic significance of lymph node ratio (LNR) on patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with coexistence of multiple adverse pathological features. METHODS: In total, 100 patients with coexistence of perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and extranodal extension of first primary HNSCC treated with radical surgery followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy were enrolled. RESULTS: The optimal LNR cut-off value for predicting overall survival (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) was 7%. In Cox model, we observed that LNR ≥7% was a statistically significant unfavorable predictor of OS (HR: 2.689; 95% CI: 1.228-5.889; p = 0.013) and CSS (HR: 3.162; 95% CI: 1.234-8.102; p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: For HNSCC patients with coexistence of multiple adverse pathological features, LNR is an independent survival predictor. Novel intensified treatments are needed for the subgroup of patients with a high LNR.